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統測歷屆試題 / 98試題詳解(遠東版)

九十八學年度四技二專統一入學測驗

英文試題解答、翻譯與解析

 

I. 字彙題:第18題,每題均有一個劃底線的字詞,請在四個選項中,選擇一個與劃底線的字詞意義最接近的答案。第915題,請選擇一個最適合的答案,以完成該句。

 

( C )  1.  In Taiwan, some high school uniforms are symbols of excellence and honor.

(A) presents               (B) fashions               (C) signs                    (D) restrictions

【翻譯】在台灣,有些高中的制服是卓越與榮譽的象徵

(A) 禮物                   (B) 流行                  (C) 符號;記號      (D) 限制

【解析】uniform 制服                    excellence 卓越;優越                      honor 榮譽

 

( B )  2.  The large number of students quitting schools reflects how serious the drop-out problem has been.

(A) advertises             (B) shows                  (C) encourages          (D) discusses

【翻譯】學生休學人數眾多,反映出輟學問題已經有多麼的嚴重。

(A) 廣告               (B) 顯示                  (C) 鼓勵                  (D) 討論

【解析】a/the large number of +複數N  很多的……

drop-out 輟學                                            how + adj. 多麼……的

 

( D )  3.  Taking a one-week vacation in Paris is indeed an unforgettable experience.

(A) a possible             (B) a miserable          (C) a capable            (D) a memorable

【翻譯】在巴黎度假一個禮拜,實在是一個難忘的經驗。

(A) 一個可能的                                        (B) 一個可憐的

(C) 一個有能力的;有才能的                (D) 一個值得紀念的

【解析】take a vacation 度假;休假                      indeed 的確

動名詞片語(taking a one-week vacation in Paris)當主詞,動詞為單數(is)。

 

( A )  4.  Telling me that he had to take a train home in ten minutes, he vanished into the street.

(A) disappeared         (B) disappointed        (C) deserved             (D) ignored

【翻譯】他告訴我十分鐘後他得搭火車回家,之後便消失在街道當中。

(A) 消失                   (B) 失望                  (C) 應得……          (D) 忽視

【解析】本句的 telling 為分詞,因兩個子句主詞同為 he,故省略連接詞與第一個句子的主詞,並將該句動詞改為分詞(現在分詞表主動,過去分詞表被動)。原句可寫為:After he told me that he had to take a train home in ten minutes, he vanished into the street.

in + 一段時間  在(多久)之後           vanish (突然)消失

 

( A )  5.  With online shopping, one can get hundreds of options when looking for a cell phone.

(A) choices                 (B) fees                     (C) topics                  (D) reasons

【翻譯】有了網路購物,想要找一支手機可以有數百種選擇

(A) 選擇                   (B) 費用                  (C) 主題                  (D) 理由

【解析】with + 工具/手段  用……                    one 為代名詞,泛指「人」(單數)。

look for 尋找

 

( D )  6.  Not knowing what the sales representative was trying to do, the lady looked perplexed.

(A) prepared              (B) bored                  (C) delighted             (D) confused

【翻譯】不知道那名推銷員有什麼目的,因此這位女士看起來很困惑

(A) 準備好的           (B) 厭煩的              (C) 高興的              (D) 困惑的

【解析】Not + V-ing …, S + V …. 主詞為同一人,指 the lady,因此省略連接詞及第一句主詞,動詞改成分詞(同第4題)。

sales representative 業務代表;推銷員

 

( D )  7.  She seemed to be out of her mind when we saw her. She was yelling at her little baby.

(A) shivering               (B) calling                  (C) swallowing          (D) shouting

【翻譯】當我們看見她時,她似乎失去了理智,正在對她的小寶寶大吼大叫

(A) 顫抖                   (B) 喊;叫              (C) 吞;嚥              (D) 吼叫

【解析】seem 似乎                                                 out of one’s mind 發瘋的

 

( B )  8.  The restaurant has superb business because it serves delicious and healthy food.

(A) works                  (B) provides              (C) forwards             (D) strikes

【翻譯】這間餐廳生意興隆,因為它提供美味健康的食物。

(A) 工作                   (B) 提供                  (C) 轉寄                  (D) 敲打

【解析】superb 極好的;一流的                           代名詞 it 代替 前面的 the restaurant

 

( C )  9.  May’s room is clean and tidy. In contrast, her brother’s room is a ____________.

(A) mass                    (B) miss                     (C) mess                   (D) math

【翻譯】梅的房間乾淨又整齊;相反地,他弟弟的房間則是一團亂

(A) 大量                   (B) 失誤                  (C) 混亂                  (D) 數學

【解析】tidy 整潔的                                                in contrast 相反地

 

( A ) 10. Water is a precious resource; therefore, we must ____________ it or we will not have enough of it in the near future.

(A) conserve              (B) compete              (C) connect               (D) continue

【翻譯】水是珍貴的資源。因此,我們必須節約用水,否則在不久的將來水就會不敷使用。

(A) 節約                   (B) 競爭                  (C) 連結                  (D) 繼續

【解析】precious 珍貴的                                        resource 資源

therefore 因此                                            in the near future 不久的將來

連接詞 or 表示「否則」,語氣上有警告的意思。

 

( D ) 11. One of the ____________ of watching TV is that you can get a lot of information in a short time.

(A) devices                 (B) visitors                 (C) attendants            (D) advantages

【翻譯】看電視的優點之一,就是能在短時間內接收大量的資訊。

(A) 裝置;設備       (B) 遊客                  (C) 參加者              (D) 優點

【解析】one of the + 複數N 表「其中一個……」,由於主詞是one,故動詞用單數。

that 子句為主詞補語,說明前面所指看電視的其中一個優點為何。

 

( B ) 12. Mark and Lisa put an ____________ in the newspaper last Saturday, informing their friends and relatives of their wedding.

(A) enlargement          (B) announcement      (C) improvement       (D) amazement

【翻譯】上個星期六馬克和麗莎在報上刊登公告,通知親朋好友他們要結婚了。

(A) 擴大                   (B) 宣布                  (C) 改善                  (D) 震驚

【解析】put … in the newspaper 在報紙上刊登……  

inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事

relative 親戚                                              wedding 婚禮

 

( C ) 13. With a big supermarket in his ____________, it is very convenient for him to go grocery shopping.

(A) exhibition              (B) message              (C) neighborhood      (D) prayer

【翻譯】由於他家附近有一間大型超市,因此他去採購食品雜貨非常方便。

(A) 展覽會               (B) 訊息                  (C) 鄰近地區          (D) 禱告

【解析】with + N … 因為……;由於……

go shopping/go grocery shopping 逛街購物/採購食品雜貨

it is adj. for sb. to V 做……對某人是……的

 

( D ) 14. The ____________ of Taiwan is over 23 million. That is, there are more than 23 million people living in Taiwan.

(A) pollution               (B) calculation           (C) portion                (D) population

【翻譯】台灣人口超過二千三百萬;也就是說,有二千三百萬以上的人居住在台灣。

(A) 污染                   (B) 計算                  (C) 一份                  (D) 人口

【解析】population 人口(數)                             over 超過;多過

that is = that is to say 也就是說;亦即

 

( A ) 15. Joseph is popular at school because of his good ____________.

(A) performance         (B) attendant             (C) conductor            (D) rebellion

【翻譯】因為他良好的表現,喬瑟夫在學校很受歡迎。

(A) 表現                   (B) 出席者              (C) 指揮                  (D) 反抗

【解析】because of + N/because + 子句 因為……

 

 

II. 對話題:第1625題,請依對話內容,選出一個最適合的答案,使其成為有意義的對話。

 

( C ) 16. Ann: I don’t have enough money to buy a birthday cake for my mother.

Bob: _______________

Ann: But I don’t know how.

Bob: It’s not difficult. Let’s go to the store to get the ingredients first.

(A) How much do you have?

(B) You can buy one for your father.

(C) Let’s make one from scratch.

(D) I can give you some money.

【翻譯】安:我沒有足夠的錢可以買生日蛋糕給我媽媽。

鮑伯:_______________

安:但是我不知道該怎麼做。

鮑伯:這並不難。我們先去店裡買些材料吧。

(A)    妳有多少錢?                                    (B) 妳可以買一個給妳爸爸。

(C)  讓我們無中生有,自己做一個吧。 (D) 我可以給妳一些錢。

【解析】enough + N  足夠的某物

let’s …(祈使語氣,表建議)讓我們……

ingredient 原料;材料

from scratch 【口語】從頭做起;從一無所有開始

 

( B ) 17. Doctor: How can I help you today?

Mary: _______________

Doctor: That’s because of the cold weather.

Mary: How do I take care of my skin in winter?

(A) I have a stomach ache.

(B) My face feels dry and itchy.

(C) I need a moisturizer.

(D) My arms hurt.

【翻譯】醫生:今天有什麼問題嗎?

瑪莉:_______________

醫生:這是因為天氣冷的關係。

瑪莉:冬天我要怎樣保養我的皮膚呢?

(A) 我胃痛。                                            (B) 我的臉又乾又癢。

(C) 我需要保濕乳液。                            (D) 我的手臂很痛。

【解析】How can I help you? 我該如何幫你呢?有什麼需要幫忙的嗎?

that’s because (of) … 這是因為……(的關係)

take care (of) 照顧                                     stomach ache 胃痛

itchy 癢的                                                  moisturizer 保濕乳液(霜)

 

( A ) 18. James: What do you like for lunch?

Mandy: I think I’ll have a hamburger.

James: _______________

Mandy: Like what?

(A) Again? You should try something new.

(B) You always want a hamburger.

(C) Hamburger is your favorite.

(D) Pizza is better than hamburger.

【翻譯】詹姆士:妳午餐想吃什麼?

曼蒂:我想我要吃一個漢堡。

詹姆士:_______________

曼蒂:比如說呢?

(A) 不會吧?妳應該嘗試點新的東西。

(B) 妳總是要一個漢堡。

(C) 漢堡是妳的最愛。

(D) 披薩比漢堡好。

【解析】Again? 又來了!;不會吧?

something + adj. 「……樣的東西」,修飾something的形容詞置於其後。

A is better than B  A勝於B

 

( B ) 19. Clerk: Here you are. Size 8, purple.

Customer: Can I try it on?

Clerk: _______________

(A) Fine. I’ll take it.

(B) Sure. The dressing room is right over there.

(C) How does it fit?

(D) Cash or credit?

【翻譯】店員:您要的東西在這裡。八號,紫色。

顧客:我可以試穿嗎?

店員:_______________

(A) 好的,我就帶這一件。                    (B) 當然可以,試衣間就在那邊。

(C) 穿起來合不合身?                            (D) 付現或刷卡?

【解析】Here you are. 你要的東西在這裡。拿去吧。

try on 試穿……;試戴……                dressing room 試衣間(= fitting room

right (over) there  「就在那邊」,over在此無意義,僅為強調用語

fit 貼(身);合適

 

( A ) 20. John: Would you like to go to a movie tonight?

Gina: _______________

John: I see. What about tomorrow?

(A) Sorry, I can’t. I have to study for the test tomorrow.

(B) I am glad to. What time?

(C) That’s interesting. Thank you.

(D) Which movie do you want to see?

【翻譯】約翰:妳今晚想去看電影嗎?

吉娜:_______________

約翰:我明白了。明天怎麼樣?

(A) 抱歉,我不能去。我必須唸書,準備明天的考試。

(B) 我很樂意,幾點鐘?

(C) 那真的很有趣,謝謝。

(D) 你想看哪一部電影?

【解析】Would you like …? 你想要……嗎?        go to a movie 看電影    

                I see 我明白了;我懂了

what about … (徵求對方意見)……如何,……怎樣

 

( B ) 21. Secretary: Good morning, XYZ Company. May I help you?

Mr. Clinton: Yes. Is Mr. Bush there?

Secretary: _______________

Mr. Clinton: Yes, please. This is Bill Clinton. Please tell Mr. Bush to call me back. My phone number is 361-6599.

(A) Speaking.

(B) He is not in now. May I take your message?

(C) I am his secretary. Please wait.

(D) Mr. Bush is on the phone. Who is this?

【翻譯】祕書:早安,這裡是艾克斯崴利公司。我能為您服務嗎?

柯林頓先生:是的,布希先生在嗎?

祕書:_______________

柯林頓先生:好的,麻煩你。我是比爾柯林頓。請告訴布希先生回我電話,我的電話號碼是361-6599

(A) 我就是。

(B) 他現在不在,能為您留言嗎?

(C) 我是他的秘書,請稍等。

(D) 布希先生現在電話中,請問您是哪位?

【解析】call sb. back 回覆某人電話                     

                接電話的人如果回答SpeakingThis is he/she speaking,表示自己就是對方要找的人。

                take one’s message 替某人記錄留言        on the phone 電話中

 

( C ) 22. Peter: Hi, Janet. How are you doing?

Janet: _______________

Peter: Great. I got a new job last week, and I truly love it.

(A) I am a student, and you?

(B) I am going shopping. How about you?

(C) I am doing fine. How about you?

(D) I am doing my homework, and you?

【翻譯】彼得:嗨,珍妮特。最近怎樣啊?

珍妮特:_______________

彼得:很好,我上個禮拜找到一份新工作,我真的很喜歡。

(A) 我是學生,你呢?                            (B) 我要去逛街,你呢?

(C) 我很好,你呢?                                (D) 我在寫功課,你呢?

【解析】How are you doing? 近來好嗎?近況如何?(= How’s it going?

truly 非常;很

I’m doing fine. 我很好。(= I’m doing well.

 

( A ) 23. Billy: I don’t feel well today.

Nurse: _______________

Billy: I have a sore throat and a headache.

Nurse: Let me take your temperature first. Dr. Chang will be with you in a minute.

(A) What seems to be the problem?

(B) That would be fine.

(C) Dr. Chang has an opening at three.

(D) Can you come in then?

【翻譯】比利:我今天覺得不太舒服。

護士:_______________

比利:我的喉嚨不舒服而且頭痛。

護士:我先幫你量體溫,醫師馬上就會過來。

(A) 可能是哪裡不舒服呢?                    (B) 那樣就可以了。

(C) 張醫師三點開始看診。                    (D) 你能在那時進來嗎?

【解析】sore throat 喉嚨痛                                     headache 頭痛

take sb.’s temperature 量某人的體溫

in a minute 立刻;馬上                             opening 開始;開放

 

( D ) 24. Lisa: Angela, can you keep a secret?

Angela: _______________

Lisa: I am going to get married next month.

(A) Congratulations!

(B) Not at all.

(C) Of course not.

(D) Sure. What is it?

【翻譯】麗莎:安琪拉,妳能幫我保守秘密嗎?

安琪拉:_______________

麗莎:我下個月要結婚了。

(A) 恭喜!                                                (B) 一點也不。

(C) 當然不會。                                        (D) 當然。什麼事?

【解析】keep a secret 保守祕密                             get married 結婚

 

( D ) 25. Mom: Linda, we’ve got to go. _______________

Linda: I know. I’m tired, too. But it is hard to decide which one to buy.

Mom: Let’s go home first and come again later.

(A) Which one should I buy?

(B) I don’t have enough money.

(C) Tie your shoelace.

(D) I’m exhausted.

【翻譯】媽媽:琳達,我們該走囉。_______________

琳達:我知道,我也累了。但真的很難決定要買哪一個。

媽媽:我們先回家,稍後再來。

(A) 我該買哪一樣呢?                            (B) 我錢不夠。

(C) 綁好妳的鞋帶。                                (D) 我累壞了。

【解析】tie 繫住;綁                                              shoelace 鞋帶

exhausted 疲憊的;精疲力竭的

 

 

III. 綜合測驗:以下兩篇短文,共有15個空格,為第2640題,每題有四個選項,請依各篇短文文意,選出一個最適合該空格的答案。

 

The Republic of China Consumer Voucher is an economic stimulus package. The vouchers are distributed to every R.O.C. citizen born before March 31st, 2009 __26__ holds valid household registrations. The purpose of these vouchers is to halt the economic downturn in Taiwan __27__ due to the global financial crisis. The vouchers could be picked up either at voucher-distribution stations on January 18th or at designated post offices between February 7th and April 30th. On the early morning of January 18th, people __28__ standing in long lines waiting to receive the vouchers, as they were __29__ do some shopping with the vouchers.

According to the Ministry of the Interior, 91.3 percent of the people picked up their vouchers on January 18th, __30__ than the voting rate of 76.4 percent in the presidential election held last March. The vouchers may be used to buy just about any item in Taiwan; __31__, they cannot be used to get lottery tickets or plastic surgeries. For __32__ still unsure of how to do with their vouchers, some councilors suggested that the public __33__ the vouchers to charity. They said the NT$ 3,600 might be an unimportant amount for the rich, but could make a difference to disadvantaged families.

【文章翻譯】

中華民國消費券是一項刺激經濟的方案。消費券發放給每一位於二○○九年三月三十一日前出生並持有合法戶口登記的中華民國國民。消費券的目的是為了遏止主要受全球金融危機影響所造成的台灣經濟衰退。民眾可在一月十八日當天至消費券發放處或於二月七日四月三十日期間至指定的郵局領取。一月十八日一大早,隨處可見民眾大排長龍,等待領取消費券,因為他們迫不及待想用來購物。

根據內政部資料,有百分之九十一三的民眾在一月十八日當天就領取了消費券,比去年三月舉行的總統大選百分之七十六點四的投票率還要高。消費券在台灣幾乎可以用來購買所有物品,但不可用於購買樂透彩券或支付整型手術費用。對於那些仍不確定要把消費券用於何處的民眾,有些議員建議民眾可以捐給慈善機構。他們表示,三千六百元對於有錢人來說可能是區區小數,但對弱勢家庭卻很有幫助。

【字彙解析】

voucher 禮券;商品兌換單                  stimulus 刺激(物)

valid 合法的                                           household registration  戶政登記

halt 遏止……                                         economic downturn 經濟衰退

global 全球性的                                     crisis 危機

designate 指定;任命                            voting rate 投票率

presidential election 總統大選                 lottery ticket 樂透彩券

plastic surgery 整型手術                         councilor 議員

charity 慈善團體                                    disadvantaged (因貧苦)處於困境的

 

( C ) 26. (A) when                 (B) what                 (C) who                    (D) which

【解析】按文意推斷,應使用修飾「人」的關係代名詞 who,界定前面所提的先行詞 every R.O.C. citizen

 

( B ) 27. (A) absolute            (B) mainly               (C) daily                    (D) appropriate

【翻譯】(A) 完全的            (B) 主要地           (C) 每天的              (D) 適合的

【解析】除了 (B) 為副詞外,其他選項均為形容詞,無法修飾介系詞片語 due to the global financial crisis

due to + sth./sb. 由於……

 

( C ) 28. (A) find                   (B) found                (C) were found          (D) who were found

【解析】這個子句缺少動詞,並由語意「民眾被發現……」得知,應選被動語態 were found

 

( A ) 29. (A) eager to             (B) similar to           (C) look forward to   (D) thanks to

【翻譯】(A) 渴望……        (B) 與……相似   (C) 期待……          (D) 多虧……

【解析】(be) eager to + V … 渴望做……        look forward to + V-ing 期待……  

 

( D ) 30. (A) which is high      (B) is more high      (C) is higher               (D) higher

【解析】原為 which is higher than the voting rate …,在此省略關係代名詞及Be動詞。(A)錯誤,than的前面應使用形容詞比較級。(B) high的比較級是字尾 + er,不是前面加 more(C) 少了關係代名詞 which

 

( B ) 31. (A) for instance        (B) however           (C) sometimes           (D) therefore

【翻譯】(A) 例如                (B) 然而               (C) 有時候              (D) 因此

【解析】此為一轉折語氣,先說明消費券適用的情況,再說明不適用於哪些情況。

 

( D ) 32. (A) those who         (B) who                  (C) people who         (D) those

【解析】原為 For those who are still unsure of ….,但同樣省略關係代名詞及Be動詞。those表示 those people(A) (C) 錯誤均因為缺少Be動詞。(B)則是缺少先行詞與 Be動詞。

 

( A ) 33. (A) donate               (B) donating           (C) to donate             (D) is donating

【解析】S suggest + that S (should) + 原形V  建議……

suggestadviserecommend 等動詞若接 that子句,子句的動詞均用原形,是省略助動詞 should 的緣故。

 

 

Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania about 220 miles south of the equator in a very hot region, is the tallest mountain in all of Africa. __34__ its location, there are many glaciers and ice fields high up on the mountain. The ice cap was important to the surrounding area and it’s also a source of water for the river Nile. Many villages in the Mount Kilimanjaro region __35__ the snow and ice melt water.

The appearance of Mount Kilimanjaro is changing. Scientists say that more than 80 percent of its glaciers __36__ since 1912. As a result, animals on the plains surrounding the mountain are now dying and many plant species are also in danger. People are beginning to wonder how long it will be before the mountain __37__ its snowy white cap. Why is this happening? Some scientists think that the hot weather in this tropical region makes the effects of global warming even worse. For example, the snow melts faster here __38__ in cooler parts of the world. __39__ believe forest reduction on Kilimanjaro may be the strongest human influence on glacial recession. Forest fires, often caused by honey collectors trying to smoke bees out of their hives, __40__ the air temperature and lower the level of water in the air. These changes cause less snow to fall in the area. Scientists now believe that the mountain’s glaciers may be totally gone by the year 2020.

【文章翻譯】

位於坦尚尼亞境內,赤道以南約二二○英哩一個熾熱地區的吉利馬札羅山,是全非洲第一高峰。儘管位在炎熱的地帶,高山上還是有許多冰河及冰原。冰帽對於其周遭地區相當重要,也是尼羅河河水的源頭。吉利馬札羅山地區的許多村落都仰賴其冰雪融化而成的水。

吉利馬札羅山的面貌不斷在改變。科學家指出,自從一九一二年以來,超過百分之八十的冰河已經融化,導致生活在這座山附近平原上的動物逐漸絕跡,許多植物也瀕臨絕種。人們開始猜想在多久之後,吉利馬札羅山上的雪白冰帽就會完全消失。為何會有這樣的事情發生?有些科學家認為這塊熱帶地區的炙熱氣候使得全球暖化的影響更為嚴重,舉例來說,這裡的雪比世界上氣候較涼爽的地區融化得快。其他科學家則認為,吉利馬札羅山的森林面積減少可能是造成冰河面積縮減最大的人為影響。常因為採蜜人在試圖用煙將蜜蜂燻出蜂窩時所造成的森林大火,不僅使空氣溫度升高,更減少了空氣中的水分。這些改變使得當地的降雪變少。如今科學家相信這座山上的冰河可能將會在二○二○年完全消失。

【字彙解析】

locate 位於                                             equator 赤道

region 地區                                             glacier/glacial 冰河/冰河的

surrounding 周圍的                                 melt 融化;溶解

appearance 外觀                                     as a result 結果

species (動植物等)種類                   tropical 熱帶(地方)的

global warming 全球暖化                       forest reduction 森林面積縮小

recession 退卻,後退                            hive 蜂窩

                                                       

 

( D ) 34. (A) Because of        (B) Spite                (C) Even though        (D) Despite

【翻譯】(A) 因為……        (B) 惡意               (C) 即使                  (D) 儘管

【解析】逗點之前無主詞動詞故應為片語,由名詞 location 判斷,應填介系詞,故 (B)(C) 不符;又本句的「冰河」、「冰原」與前句提及的「熾熱地區」成對比,故選 (D)

 

( B ) 35. (A) belong to           (B) depend on        (C) hear from            (D) figure out

【翻譯】(A) 屬於                (B) 依賴               (C) 得到……的消息   (D) 了解

【解析】水是維持生命的必需品,村民生活用水必須「仰賴」冰雪融化成水。

 

( B ) 36. (A) melted               (B) have melted      (C) is melting             (D) will have melted

【解析】看到 since 就知道句型一定會使用到完成式。又依句意得知,冰河自一九一二年到目前為止已經融化了八成,故選現在完成式。

 

( C ) 37. (A) will lose             (B) has lost             (C) loses                   (D) will have lost

【解析】before引導的子句,以現在式代替未來式的情況,故選 (C)

 

( A ) 38. (A) than it does        (B) as it is               (C) so did they          (D) than they are

【解析】由副詞比較級 faster 判斷,後應接 than …。選項 (A) it 是指 the snowdoes 指的是 melts,為避免重複,用 does 代替。

 

( C ) 39. (A) Another             (B) The other          (C) Others                 (D) The others

【解析】Some …. Others ….「一些……,其他的……」為固定用法。

 

( D ) 40. (A) rise                    (B) arise                 (C) arouse                 (D) raise

【翻譯】(A)(太陽等)上升 (B) 發生;出現   (C) 喚醒……          (D) 提高;增加

【解析】(A) (D) 同指「提高」,「上」,但 (A) 為不及物動詞。air temperature 為受詞,應選及物動詞 (D)

 

 

IV. 閱讀測驗:以下有兩篇短文,每篇各5題,共有10個題目,為第4150題,請於閱讀短文後,選出最適當的答案。

 

Say “evolution” and some folks think of dusty archaeologists examining bone fragments. But, while evidence of previous life forms does play a central part in our understanding of evolution, it is not necessary to go on a dig to see it in action—you might just look inside your mouth.

We all learn that human beings have thirty-two teeth. They are not all the same, though; the pointy incisors in the front are easily distinguished from the flatter, double-edged bicuspids that run along the side. Our teeth serve different functions: those incisors are great for biting and holding on, while the bicuspids do more of a saw-motion for chewing.

Now here is something you may not know: strictly speaking, it is not true that everyone has thirty-two teeth. Even excluding people with dental problems, some folks have only thirty, or even twenty-eight. The ones that are missing are often the farthest back in the mouth. Where did they go?

One likely answer is found in evolution. A long time ago—say ten thousand years—human beings ate much more raw meat. With a rough diet, you need lots of grinding teeth to help prepare your food for digestion. Later, with the gradual advent of cooked foods, not all those teeth are needed anymore. If someone is born without them, he or she does not suffer any ill consequence; a scientist would say there is no evolutionary pressure to keep those teeth.

Source: http://amos.indiana.edu/library/scripts/mouthevol.html

【文章翻譯】

說到「進化」,有些人就會想到滿身塵土的考古學家在檢查骨頭碎片的模樣。雖然證明古生物的證據對我們了解進化確實扮演相當重要的角色,但其實我們不需要參與挖掘活動才能一探究竟 ——  可能只要看看自己的嘴巴裡面就可以了。

我們都知道人類有三十二顆牙齒。不過它們並不完全相同,前面略尖的門牙跟兩旁較平、有雙齒稜(臼齒表面的突起構造)的臼齒,很容易就能區分出來。我們的牙齒各司其職:門牙適合用來咬斷和咬住食物,而臼齒則多半用來進行來來回回的咀嚼動作。

現在有件事你可能不知道:嚴格來說,並不是每個人真的都擁有三十二顆牙齒。即使不算那些牙齒有毛病的人,還是有些人只有三十顆,甚至是二十八顆牙齒。這些缺牙的位置往往在口腔的最深處。它們到哪裡去了?

從進化的角度也許可以找到一個可能的答案。很久以前,就說一萬年前好了,人類吃生肉的機會多。由於飲食粗糙,因此需要許多有磨碎功能的牙齒來幫助讓食物易於消化。後來,隨著熟食時代逐漸來臨,那種牙齒也不再全部都用得上。如果有人天生就沒那些牙齒,也不會有什麼不良後果,科學家因此表示,由於沒有進化的壓力,那些牙齒也不是非保留不可。

來源:http://amos.indiana.edu/library/scripts/mouthevol.html

【字彙解析】

evolution 進化;演化                             archaeologist 考古學家

fragment 碎片                                         in action 在活動中;在實行

pointy 尖的                                             incisor 門牙

bicuspid 臼齒;二頭齒                          dental 牙齒的

raw 生的                                                rough 粗糙的

grind 磨碎                                               digestion 消化

advent 來臨                                            consequence 後果;結果

 

( C ) 41. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

(A) Only archaeologists understand evolution.

(B) Everyone has thirty-two teeth.

(C) Ten thousand years ago, human beings ate much more raw meat than we do now.

(D) With the gradual advent of cooked foods, we need more teeth to chew them.

【翻譯】根據本文,下列敘述何者為真?

(A) 只有考古學家了解演化。

(B) 每個人都有三十二顆牙齒。

(C) 一萬年前,人類吃生肉的機會要比我們現在大得多。

(D) 隨著熟食時代逐漸來臨,我們需要更多牙齒來咀嚼食物。

【解析】第一段最後一行告訴我們不一定要親自參與考古,從自身口腔深處的牙齒也能探得些許進化的真相,所以並非只有考古學家了解進化,故選項 (A) 錯。第三段第一句指出,並非每個人都有三十二顆牙齒 (… it is not true that everyone has thirty-two teeth.),故選項 (B) 錯。由最後一段第二句 (A long time ago—say ten thousand years—human beings ate much more raw meat.) 即知以前人類比較常吃生肉,所以 (C) 為正確答案。而同一段也提到,隨著熟食 (cooked food) 時代的來臨,不再需要那麼多用來幫助磨碎食物的牙齒,故選項 (D) 錯。

 

( A ) 42. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “pointy” in the second paragraph?

(A) sharp                 (B) round               (C) flat                      (D) long

【翻譯】下列何者的意思最接近第二段的 pointy(尖的)?

(A) 尖銳的            (B) 圓的               (C) 平的                  (D) 長的

【解析】從前後文可知,pointy incisors 很容易就能與其後的 flatter, double-edge bicuspids 區分出來,所以應該是具有與 flatter(比較平坦的)相反的意思,四個選項中,只有 (A) 最接近。

 

( C ) 43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

(A) Previous life forms play a central part in our understanding of evolution.

(B) Some people have fewer teeth than others.

(C) Animals have more teeth than human beings.

(D) The bicuspids are used mainly for chewing.

【翻譯】下列何者並未在文中提及?

(A) 以前的生物在我們了解演化上扮演相當重要的角色。

(B) 有些人的牙齒比別人少。

(C) 動物的牙齒比人類多。

(D) 臼齒主要是用來咀嚼。

【解析】(A) 以前的生物對我們在了解進化上扮演相當重要的角色,在第一段有提到。(B)有些人的牙齒少於我們認知的三十二顆,而只有三十顆,甚至是二十八顆,在第三段有提到。(D) 第二段最後一句提到 bicuspids 多用來咀嚼 (chewing)。只有 (C) 動物與人類牙齒的比較並未在文中出現,故為正確答案。

 

( B ) 44. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

(A) Human incisors look much like bicuspids.

(B) Some people do not need the teeth that are the farthest back in the mouth.

(C) Today people are born without the teeth that are the farthest back in the mouth.

(D) Ancient people have less than thirty-two teeth.

【翻譯】下列何者可以從本文推論得知?

(A) 人類的門牙看起來跟臼齒很像。

(B) 有些人不需要那幾顆位於口腔最深處的牙齒。

(C) 現在的人天生就沒有那幾顆位於口腔最深處的牙齒。

(D) 古代人的牙齒不到三十二顆。

【解析】(A) 錯誤,因為第二段指出,門牙跟臼齒是可以輕易分辨出來的 (… easily distinguished from the flatter, double-edged bicuspids …)(B) 可從最後一句科學家的話(… there is no revolutionary pressure to keep those teeth.)推論得知,人類並不需要那些牙齒,因為沒有也不會怎麼樣,所以是正確選項。(C) 錯誤,因為文中提到每個人天生的牙齒數不同,多至三十二顆,少至二十八顆,表示並非所有人都是天生缺少口腔深處的那幾顆牙齒。(D) 錯誤,最後一段提到由生食到熟食使人不再需要那麼多牙齒,暗示現代人的牙齒應該比古代人少。

 

( D ) 45. What is the passage mainly about?

(A) Different functions of human teeth.

(B) People with dental problems.

(C) The advent of cooked foods.

(D) Evolution in terms of human teeth.

【翻譯】本文主旨為何?

(A) 人類牙齒的不同功能。

(B) 有口腔問題的人。

(C) 熟食時代的到來。

(D) 以人類牙齒來論演化。

【解析】文章一開頭就說到不一定要去考古才能了解進化,後面則解釋人類現在牙齒數目不同於古時候的可能原因,而文中所提到的原因「由生食到熟食」,正是人類進化的一個重要里程碑,故選項 (D) 正確。

 

 

We are always trying to understand ourselves by asking “Why did I do that?” Certainly it is true that each human being faces the question of understanding himself, even though he may not put this question in so many words. Part of the answer to “Why did I do that?” is found in the way the individual looks upon himself, or the way he sees himself. This is referred to as the individual’s self-concept.

It is obvious that we will tend to act with more self-control, and be happier, if we can gradually gain a better understanding of how we ourselves think and act, and what kind of individuals we really are. For example, a young woman may “see herself ” as a poor conversationalist and a kind of “wet blanket” when she goes out with her friends. Actually, she is warm and friendly and well liked by all who know her. Here is a case where an individual has formed a “self-concept” which is definitely not in line with the facts. If she could come to realize the true situation, it would in all probability help her overcome this fear of meeting or being with other people. The importance of an individual’s “self-concept” in influencing his behavior is plainly evident.

【文章翻譯】

我們總是藉由問自己「我幹嘛要那麼做?」來了解自己。當然每個人都面臨「了解自己」這個問題,即使他可能不會用這麼多字眼來敘述這個問題。對於「我幹嘛要那麼做?」這個問題的答案,我們可以從一個人視自己為何種人,或是如何看待自己來找到蛛絲馬跡。這就是所謂個人的「自我概念」。

很顯然如果我們可以慢慢更加了解自己思考與行事的方法,以及我們到底是哪種人,做起事情來就會更加有分寸,也會更加快樂。例如一個年輕女子可能認為自己跟朋友出去時,是個既不善言詞又很「掃興」的那種人。事實上,她既親切又友善,所有認識她的人都很喜歡她。這就是一個人所形成的「自我概念」完全與事實不符的例子。如果她能了解到真正的情況,就很有可能可以幫助她克服面對與接觸人群的恐懼。一個人的「自我概念」影響其行為的重要性真是不言而喻。

【字彙解析】

look upon 看待;認為                           refer to … as … 將……稱為……

conversationalist 健談者                         wet blanket 掃興的人

in line with 與……一致                          in all probability 大概;多半

overcome 克服                                       plainly 明白地

 

( C ) 46. In which subject can this passage be found?

(A) Biology             (B) Geography       (C) Psychology          (D) Physics

【翻譯】本文可以在哪一種主題裡面找到?

(A) 生物學            (B) 地理學           (D) 心理學              (D) 物理學

【解析】本文全篇都在探討「自我概念」,這個主題顯然跟 (A)(B)(D)無關,故答案選 (C)

 

( B ) 47. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

(A) If we understand ourselves better, we will be much happier.

(B) Why we did the thing that we did never depends on our self-concept.

(C) An individual’s self-concept evidently influences his or her behavior.

(D) We never stop trying to understand our behavior.

【翻譯】根據本文,下列敘述何者為非?

(A) 如果我們更加了解自己,我們就會更快樂。

(B) 我們會做出一些事情的原因,從來就不是根據我們的自我概念。

(C) 一個人的自我概念顯然影響其行為。

(D) 我們從未停止試圖了解自己的行為。

【解析】從第二段一開始就提到,如果我們能更加了解自己,就會更快樂,做事會更有分寸,故選項 (A) 為正確敘述。(B) 我們做某事的原因跟自我概念無關,跟 (A) 是相反的概念,故此敘述錯誤。(C) 正確,最後一句提到一個人的自我概念在影響其行為上,顯然扮演舉足輕重的角色。第一段第一句說到我們總是藉由詢問自己問題來了解自己,表示我們從未停止試圖了解自己,故選項 (D) 亦為正確敘述。

 

( D ) 48. Based on the context, the phrase “wet blanket” in the second paragraph most likely means “____________.”

(A) a blanket that nobody wants

(B) a blanket that everybody enjoys

(C) a person who doubles other people’s fun

(D) a person who spoils other people’s fun

【翻譯】根據前後文,第二段 wet blanket(掃興的人)這個片語最有可能的意思是指 ___________

(A) 一條沒有人要的毯子

(B) 一條人人愛的毯子

(C) 一個讓別人加倍開心的人

(D) 一個讓破壞別人樂趣的人

【解析】(A)(B) 皆指毯子,(C)(D) 則是指人,文中 wet blanket(掃興的人)跟 poor conversationalist(不擅言詞的人)都是該女子形容自己的片語,由此可知此片語應該是指人,所以 (A)(B) 不列入考慮。而從 poor conversationalist poor 來推論,這名女子對自己的看法應該是負面的,因此 wet blanket 一定也不是好的形容詞。故答案為 (D)

 

( B ) 49. According to this passage, which of the following descriptions about the young woman is true?

(A) She identifies herself as an outgoing person, who can make friends easily.

(B) She can become more open-minded to socialize with others as long as she changes the way she sees herself.

(C) She has a high self-esteem, and sees herself as a people person.

(D) Her “self-concept” is compatible with her true personality.

【翻譯】根據本文,關於那個年輕女子的敘述,下列何者為真?

(A) 她認為自己是一個外向、很容易交到朋友的人。

(B) 只要她改變看待自己的方式,她就更能敞開心胸與別人來往。

(C) 她自視甚高,認為自己擅長與人打交道。

(D) 她的「自我概念」符合她真正的個性。

【解析】第二段指出該名女子視自己為 wet blanket poor conversationalist,故她並不認為自己是外向 (outgoing) 的,就算不懂 outgoing 這個字,也可從後面的 make friends easily 猜出,因此選項 (A) 錯誤。選項 (C) high self-esteem (自視甚高)與 people person (擅長與人交往的人),均與文中對該女子的描述不符,故為錯。文中還提到這名女子對自己的看法不佳,但朋友卻認為她是一個友善、大家都很喜歡的人,因此她的自我概念與她的真實個性並不相符合 (… “self-concept” which is definitely not in line with the facts),故選項 (D) 錯。而 (B) 如果該名女子可以了解到自己的真實情形,可能就可以幫助她克服面對與接觸人群的恐懼,為正確答案。

【單字】identify 自稱;視為                            outgoing 外向的

socialize 與人來往,社交                   self-esteem 自尊;自大

people person 擅長與人打交道的人;喜歡接觸人群的人

compatible 相容的

 

( A ) 50. According to the passage, self-concept is defined as ____________.

(A) how the individual looks upon himself

(B) the way the individual sees other people

(C) the way the individual is respected by others

(D) how the individual is looked upon by others

【翻譯】根據本文,自我概念的定義是 ______________

(A) 個人看待自己的方式

(B) 個人看待別人的方式

(C) 個人受別人尊敬的方式

(D) 別人看待個人的方式

【解析】從第一段最後一句即可以看出,self-concept 就是一個人看待自己的方法 (… the individual looks upon himself, or the way he sees himself.),但其實從 self 這個字首也可以猜出是跟自己有關,故 (A) 為正確答案。

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